Search results for "Rain and snow mixed"
showing 3 items of 3 documents
In-line holography of cloud volumes applied to the measurement of raindrops and snowflakes
1998
Abstract The ground-based HODAR (HOlographic Droplet and Aerosol Recording) of the University of Mainz has been operational since 1989 on the Kleiner Feldberg Mountain Observatory near Frankfurt/Main, Germany, in a `small volume' configuration. With this setup an air volume of approximately 1 l can be in situ recorded, which allows it to image all aerosol particles and droplets with diameter larger than 6 μm contained in the sample volume in situ. Recently the beam diameter and optical path length of the inline system have been enlarged such that large cloud volumes (approximately 500 l) can be recorded on single holograms. During the holographic image reconstruction step in the laboratory,…
Intelligent system for electrical heating control based on optical precipitation sensor
2018
Abstract The paper presents testing results of the SCADA system IntelHeat introduced at the Latvian Railways for automated heating control of railway points during winters with the purpose of electricity saving by optimized real-time assignment of heating levels. The system is based on innovative optical sensors of precipitation detecting rain and snow particles using diffuse and specular reflection channels. The results of trial exploitation demonstrated the ability of the IntelHeat system to manage points heating flexibly in accordance with changes of weather conditions and correspondence with archived meteorological data.
Iodine speciation in rain, snow and aerosols
2008
Iodine oxides, such as iodate, should be the only thermodynamically stable sink species for iodine in the troposphere. However, field observations have increasingly found very little iodate and significant amounts of iodide and soluble organically bound iodine (SOI) in precipitation and aerosols. The aim of this study was to investigate iodine speciation, including the organic fraction, in rain, snow, and aerosols in an attempt to further clarify aqueous phase iodine chemistry. Diurnal aerosol samples were taken with a 5 stage cascade impactor and a virtual impactor (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) from the Mace Head research station, Ireland, during summer 2006. Rain was collected from Austr…